Estrategias de gestión en salud pública para la eliminación de la malaria en América Latina en 2010-2021: una revisión sistemática exploratoria / Public health management strategies for malaria elimination in Latin America between 2010-2021: a scoping review

Resumen Objetivo: describir la literatura científica existente respecto a las estrategias de gestión en salud pública utilizadas para la eliminación de la malaria en Latinoamérica durante el periodo 2010-2021. Metodología: revisión sistemática exploratoria. Se utilizó la estrategia PRISMA, del grupo Cochrane de la OMS, para hacer seguimiento al proceso de revisión, extracción y análisis de los documentos. Se clasificó la búsqueda en tres categorías: promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad, vigilancia e intervención intersectorial. Fueron utilizadas las bases de datos: PUBMED, LILACS (BVS) Y SCOPUS; se realizó análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de los documentos recuperados. Resultados: fueron tamizadas 3628 publicaciones, y preseleccionadas 165 por cumplir con los criterios de búsqueda. Finalmente fueron seleccionados 19 referencias, por incluir en su metodología y resultados, estrategias para la erradicación de la malaria. El año de mayor publicación fue 2021 para la categoría promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad. Para las otras dos categorías, se observó igual frecuencia de publicación en el año 2020. El país que más publicó para el periodo de la revisión, fue Brasil, seguido de Colombia y Estados Unidos. Conclusión: la categorización y análisis documental develan que los esfuerzos aislados para contribuir al control de la enfermedad dejan de lado los múltiples factores que dificultan su diagnóstico, tratamiento, prevención y control.

Abstract Objective: describe the existing scientific literature regarding public health management strategies used to eliminate malaria in Latin America during the period 2010-2021. Methodology: scoping review. The PRISMA strategy of the WHO Cochrane group was used to monitor the process of review, extraction and analysis of the documents. The search was classified into three categories: health promotion and disease prevention, surveillance and intersectoral intervention. Five search strategies were applied in the databases: PUBMED, LILACS (VHL) and SCOPUS. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the retrieved documents was carried out. Results: 3,628 publications were screened and 165 preselected. 19 articles were finally included. The year of greatest publication was 2021, for the category health promotion and disease prevention, for the other two categories, the same frequency of publication was observed in the year 2020. The country that published the most for the review period was Brazil, followed by Colombia and the United States. Conclusion: the categorization and documentary analysis reveal that isolated efforts to contribute individually to some of the aspects of the disease leave aside the multiple factors that hinder its diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control.

The correlation between children's own health control and their health perceptions and behaviours, and the associated factors

The study was conducted as a correlational descriptive study to determine the correlation between children's own health control and their health perceptions and behaviours, as well as the associated factors. The sample of the study consisted of 963 children in the age group of 7-12 years studying at one primary schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education. It was determined that age affected health control and health perception and behaviours in children. A positive significant correlation was found between the health locus of control and health perceptions and behaviours of the children. The children had positive health behaviours, and they had high internal control in their own health management. In accordance with these results, children's own health management should be increased to increase their positive perceptions and behaviours.

Questionário Patient's Awareness in Psoriasis: adaptação transcultural para o português brasileiro e avaliação de propriedades psicométricas / Patient's Awareness in Psoriasis Questionnaire: cross-cultural adaptation to brazilian portuguese and assessment of psychometric properties

Objetivo: Traduzir e realizar a adaptação transcultural do questionário Patient's Awareness in Psoriasis (Conhecimento do Paciente sobre Psoríase) para o contexto e idioma português do Brasil e avaliar suas propriedades psicométricas. Métodos: Este trabalho foi realizado por meio de um estudo transversal. O delineamento do estudo foi correspondente à derivação de um questionário para a vigilância e controle em saúde, seguindo metodologia sugerida pela Sociedade Internacional para Farmacoeconomia e Pesquisa de Resultados - Grupo de Trabalho para Tradução e Adaptação Cultural. Primeiro, um questionário piloto foi aplicado a 10 pacientes com psoríase para avaliar compreensibilidade. Depois, outros 115 pacientes foram caracterizados e responderam ao questionário de forma autorreferida. Trinta e um pacientes responderam ao questionário mais uma vez, uma semana mais tarde. Foi avaliado: o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse, o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, o erro padrão de medição e feita análise fatorial exploratória. Resultados: O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foi 0,91 (0,82 - 0,96) e o alfa de Cronbach global foi 0,79. Todos participantes responderam 'não' à questão n.º 10 (suprimida nas avaliações psicométricas). A análise fatorial indicou três fatores principais: 1. Evolução clínica, 2. Aspectos clínicos e Qualidade de vida e 3. Expectativa de cura e tratamento (itens distribuídos com cargas > 0,400 ). Conclusões: O estudo resultou em uma versão do questionário que contribui com o desenvolvimento de estudos, com futuros que objetivarem aprimorar a avaliação clínica dos pacientes e a tomada de decisões relacionadas à vigilância e controle da psoríase no Brasil.

Objective: To translate and perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Patient's Awareness in Psoriasis questionnaire to the Brazilian context in Brazilian Portuguese idiom and assess its psychometric properties. Methods: This assignment was conducted within a cross-sectional study. The study design corresponded to the derivation of a questionnaire for health surveillance and control, following the methodology suggested by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research - Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. First, a pilot questionnaire was given to 10 psoriasis patients to assess comprehensibility. Then, another 115 patients were characterized and responded to it (self-reported manner). Thirty-one patients retook the questionnaire a week later. The intraclass correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha, standard error of measurement, and the exploratory factor analysis were determined. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.91 (0.82 - 0.96). Overall, Cronbach's alpha was 0.79. All participants answered 'no' to question #10, which was restrained in the psychometric assessments. Factor analysis indicated three main factors: 1. Clinical evolution, 2. Clinical aspects and quality of life and 3. Healing and treatment (items distributed with loads > 0.400). Conclusions: The study resulted in a version of the questionnaire that contributes to the development of future studies, to the clinical evaluation of patients and to decision-making related to the surveillance and control of psoriasis in Brazil.

Decifra-me ou te devoro: enigmas da Vigilância em Saúde na pandemia Covid-19 / Decipher me or Ill devour you: Health Surveillance puzzles in the Covid-19 pandemic / Descíframe o te devoro: enigmas de la Vigilancia de la Salud en la pandemia COVID-19

Resumo Desde janeiro de 2020, o mundo vive uma crise sanitária sem precedentes, após declarada, pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, a Emergência de Saúde Pública de Importância Internacional, como estratégia de vigilância e resposta imediata à pandemia da Covid-19. No Brasil, o caos econômico e político resultante do golpe de Estado de 2016 aprofundou a crise pandêmica, expondo o fosso das desigualdades sociais e, em particular, das desigualdades em saúde, e o descaso pela vida em todas suas dimensões. Essa reflexão traz à cena elementos conjunturais (econômico-políticos e socioambientais) necessários à compreensão das intervenções técnicas de vigilância, com destaque à quarentena e ao isolamento social, como estratégias emergenciais normatizadoras da vida individual e coletiva, usadas para o controle de corpos e lugares. Nesse cenário catastrófico, territórios vulneráveis são penalizados duplamente, por sua condição periférica no espaço das cidades e por sua exclusão sistemática aos direitos de cidadania, exigindo, dos governos, intervenções que considerem a dimensão continental e a heterogeneidade econômica-cultural do país; as desigualdades sociais e em saúde; e a capacidade de resposta oportuna de cada esfera de gestão de responsabilidade exclusiva do Estado, nos âmbitos das ações de Vigilância em Saúde, Assistência Especializada e Atenção Primária à Saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde.

Abstract Since January 2020, the world has been experiencing an unprecedented health crisis, after the World Health Organization declared the Public Health Emergency of International Importance as a surveillance strategy and immediate response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In Brazil, the economic and political chaos resulting from the 2016 coup d'état deepened the pandemic crisis, exposing the gap in social inequalities and, in particular, health inequalities, and the neglect of life in all its dimensions. This reflection brings to the scene conjunctural elements (economic-political and socio-environmental) necessary for the understanding of technical surveillance interventions, with emphasis on quarantine and social isolation, as emergency normative strategies for individual and collective life, used to control bodies and places. In this catastrophic scenario, vulnerable territories are doubly penalized, for their peripheral condition in the space of cities and for their systematic exclusion of citizenship rights, requiring, from governments, interventions that consider the continental dimension and the country's economic-cultural heterogeneity; social and health inequalities; and the ability to respond in a timely manner to each sphere of management that is the exclusive responsibility of the State, within the scope of Health Surveillance, Specialized Assistance and Primary Health Care in the Unified Health System.

Resumen Desde enero de 2020, el mundo vive una crisis sanitaria sin precedentes, después de que la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró Emergencia de Salud Pública de Importancia Internacional como estrategia de vigilancia y respuesta inmediata a la pandemia de COVID-19. En Brasil, el caos económico y político resultante del golpe de Estado de 2016 profundizó la crisis de la pandemia, exponiendo la brecha entre las desigualdades sociales y, en especial, las desigualdades en la salud, y la falta de valorización de la vida en todas sus dimensiones. Esta reflexión trae a escena elementos coyunturales (económico-políticos y socioambientales) necesarios para entender las intervenciones técnicas de vigilancia, con énfasis en la cuarentena y el aislamiento social, como estrategias de emergencia que estandarizan la vida individual y colectiva, utilizadas para controlar cuerpos y lugares. En este escenario catastrófico, los territorios vulnerables son doblemente penalizados por su condición periférica en el espacio de las ciudades y por su exclusión sistemática de los derechos de ciudadanía, exigiendo, de los gobiernos, intervenciones que consideren la dimensión continental y la heterogeneidad económico-cultural del país; las desigualdades sociales y en salud; y la capacidad de respuesta oportuna de cada esfera de gestión de la responsabilidad exclusiva del Estado, en el ámbito de las acciones de Vigilancia de la salud, la atención especializada y las acciones de atendimento básico de la salud en el Sistema Unificado de Salud.

O papel da argumentação em processos deliberativos nas instâncias de controle social do Sistema Único de Saúde / Role of argumentation in deliberative processes in social control instances of the Brazilian National Health System / El papel de la argumentación en procesos deliberativos en las instancias de control social del Sistema Brasileño de Salud

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir teoricamente o papel da argumentação nos processos deliberativos que se dão no interior das instâncias colegiadas de controle social do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Baseia-se em uma leitura dos processos de participação social em saúde a partir da Teoria do Agir Comunicativo e localiza a deliberação pública dentro de um arcabouço dialógico de oferecer e receber razões para justificar posições a partir de argumentos. Defende-se que a argumentação é constitutiva da deliberação na medida em que a qualidade da primeira influencia a qualidade da segunda. Apresentam-se duas grandes correntes contemporâneas da teoria da argumentação, a Pragma-Dialética e a Nova Retórica. Defende-se uma combinação das duas abordagens como ferramenta para a compreensão dos determinantes comunicativos da deliberação e, consequentemente, para melhor entendimento das escolhas feitas no processo de formulação e implantação de políticas públicas de saúde.(AU)

This article aims at theoretically discussing the role of argumentation in deliberative processes that occur in social control board instances of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). Social health participation processes were analyzed based on the Theory of Communicative Action. This article considers public deliberation under a dialogic framework of providing and receiving reasons to justify opinions based on arguments. We support that argumentation is part of deliberation, since the quality of the former influences the quality of the latter. Two great contemporary currents of the Argumentation Theory are presented: Pragma-Dialectics and New Rhetoric. We argue that a combination of both approaches helps understand deliberation's communicative determinants and consequently further understand the choices made in the process of creation and implementation of public health policies.(AU)

El objetivo de este artículo es discutir teóricamente el papel de la argumentación en los procesos deliberativos que se realizan en el interior de las instancias colegiadas de control social del Sitema Brasileño de Salud (SUS). Se basa en una lectura de los procesos de participación social en salud a partir de la Teoría del Actuar Comunicativo y localiza la deliberación pública dentro de una estructura dialógica de ofrecer y recibir razones para justificar posiciones a partir de argumentos. Se defiende que la argumentación es constitutiva de la deliberación en la medida en que la calidad de la primera influye sobre la calidad de la segunda. Se presentan dos grandes corrientes contemporáneas de la teoría de la argumentación, la Pragma-dialéctica y la Nueva Retórica. Se defiende una combinación de los dos abordajes como herramienta para la comprensión de los determinantes comunicativos de la deliberación y, consecuentemente, para un mejor entendimiento de las elecciones realizadas en el proceso de formulación e implantación de políticas públicas de salud.(AU)

Recommendation on global prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 in the early stage / 预防医学

@#Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus（SARS-CoV-2）is highly infectious and people are generally susceptible to it. In this article,we reviewed current research into the epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）,introduced China's effective prevention and control experience,preliminarily summarized the phased Results of China's fight against the COVID-19,and reviewed the early measures taken by Singapore,Japan,Italy,Iran and South Korea. We recommended China’s prevention and control measures in response to COVID-19 to the world;appealed to pay attention to non-drug interventions,to strengthen the cooperation and sharing of COVID-19 epidemic data and research,to improve the global ability in respond to public health emergencies,and to reduce the impact of COVID-2019 on the sustainable development of economy and society.

Estimativa da prevalência oculta da hanseníase em município do interior do Estado de São Paulo / Estimates of the hidden prevalence of leprosy in a municipality in the State of São Paulo

Introdução: O diagnóstico da hanseníase no Brasil ainda é tardio, a maioria dos casos são multibacilares e considerável percentual de pacientes apresenta deficiências físicas, indicando haver casos não diagnosticados na população, ocasionando uma prevalência oculta. Objetivo: analisar a situação da hanseníase em município do interior do Estado de São Paulo perante a situação mundial, e calcular a prevalência oculta. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e epidemiológico, utilizando a metodologia proposta pela Organização Mundial da Saúde para verificar a prevalência oculta. Os dados foram coletados do Sistema de Informação de agravos de notificação de pacientes residentes no município e que iniciaram tratamento entre 01/01/2006 a 31/12/2016. Resultados: O Estado de São Paulo e o município mostraram uma diminuição de casos novos de hanseníase nos anos estudados. Enquanto o Brasil apresenta-se em declínio gradativo, o Estado apresenta discreta queda e o município alternância dos números. No município, foram notificados 295 casos de hanseníase, sendo 74 casos de formas paucibacilares e 221 casos multibacilares, com taxa de prevalência decrescente e a taxa de detecção oscilante entre o período. Do total de casos, em 271 foram avaliadas as incapacidades físicas e 141 foram classificados como graus 1 ou 2. Conforme a metodologia proposta, os números representam um acréscimo de 23,90/10.000 habitantes na prevalência oculta, o que resultaria em uma prevalência real de 378,73 casos/10.000 habitantes no período estudado. Conclusão: Os dados do município permanecem oscilantes diante dos dados nacionais e do Estado de São Paulo, apresentam alto índice de pessoas diagnosticadas com hanseníase com alguma incapacidade física, assim como casos multibacilares, e uma prevalência oculta de 23,90 casos por 10.000 habitantes.

Introduction: The diagnosis of leprosy in Brazil is still late, most cases are multibacillary and a considerable percentage of patients have physical disabilities, indicating undiagnosed cases in the population, causing a hidden prevalence. Objective: To analyze the leprosy situation in a municipality in the interior of the state of São Paulo in view of the world situation, and to calculate the hidden prevalence. Methods: Descriptive and epidemiological study, using the methodology proposed by the World Health Organization to verify the hidden prevalence. Data were collected from the Information System of notification problems of patients residing in the municipality and who started treatment between 01/01/2006 to 12/31/2016. Results: The state of São Paulo and the municipality showed a decrease in new cases of leprosy in the years studied. While Brazil is in gradual decline, the state presents a slight decline and the municipality alternating numbers. In the municipality, 295 leprosy cases were reported, 74 cases of paucibacillary forms and 221 multibacillary cases, with decreasing prevalence rate and oscillating detection rate between the period. Of the 271 cases, physical disabilities were evaluated and 141 were classified as grades 1 or 2. According to the proposed methodology, the numbers represent an increase of 23.90 / 10,000 inhabitants in the hidden prevalence, which would result in a real prevalence. of 378.73 cases / 10,000 inhabitants in the period studied. Conclusion: The data from the municipality remain oscillating from the national data and from the State of São Paulo, have a high rate of people diagnosed with leprosy with some physical disability, as well as multibacillary cases, and a hidden prevalence of 23.90 cases per 10.000 inhabitants.

The Status of Nutritional Supplements Nutritional Supplements and Factors affecting Health Promotion Behaviors in Pregnant Women

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among nutritional supplement intake, subjective health status, health control level and health promotion behaviors and to investigate factors affecting health promotion behaviors in pregnant women. METHODS: A total of 153 pregnant women was recruited from a university hospital in J city in Korea. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS: Most participants (91.5%) took nutritional supplements. Health promotion behavior had positive correlations with subjective health status (r=0.313, p < 0.001), internal control (r=0.229, p=0.004), powerful others locus of control (r=0.162, p=0.046), and doctors locus of control (r=0.215, p=0.008). There was a negative correlation between health promotion behavior and chance locus of control (r=−0.273, p=0.001). Health status (β=0.25, p=0.001), chance locus of control (β=−0.28, p < 0.001), doctors locus of control (β=0.20, p=0.009), and powerful others locus of control (β=0.16, p=0.033) were significant predictors for health promotion behavior. These variables explained 25.8% of the variance in health promotion behavior. CONCLUSION: The study results indicate that it is necessary to develop a nutrition education program and nursing intervention in order to promote health for pregnant women.

Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de Locus de Control de la Salud en Dios en una muestra de mexicanos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Psychometric properties of the God Locus of Health Control scale in a sample of mexicans with type 2 diabetes mellitus

En este estudio se obtuvo evidencia de validez y confiabilidad de la escala de Locus de Control de la Salud en Dios (GLHC) en una muestra de 539 adultos mexicanos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. El análisis de validez se basó en el análisis del contenido de los ítems y de la estructura interna del GLHC. El primer procedimiento estuvo a cargo de seis expertos, quienes evaluaron la pertinencia de la adaptación de los ítems. El segundo procedimiento fue un análisis factorial confirmatorio de grupo múltiple, de acuerdo al sexo y edad, a fin de evaluar la invarianza de medición del GLHC. Finalmente, la confiabilidad fue calculada mediante los coeficientes ω y H. El análisis factorial confirmatorio demostró una estructura de un solo factor con seis ítems, interpretable para la población de estudio con invarianza de medición por sexo, aunque deben tomarse precauciones al interpretar comparaciones por grupos de edad. La confiabilidad del constructo obtuvo magnitudes elevadas (>.90). Los resultados indican que la GLHC puede brindar información válida y confiable para valorar el locus de control de la salud en Dios para mexicanos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

The validity and reliability of the God Locus of Health Control (GLHC) scale were determined in a sample of 539 Mexican adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The validity analysis was based on the analysis of the GLHC scale's items content and internal structure. The first procedure was conducted by six experts who evaluated the pertinence of the items adaptation. The second procedure consisted of a multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis by gender and age, aimed to evaluate the GLHC scale's measurement invariance. Finally, reliability was estimated by means of coefficients ω and H. The confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a six-item unifactorial structure, interpretable for the study population with measurement invariance by gender. Nevertheless, precautions should be taken when interpreting age-group comparisons. The magnitude of the construct reliability was high (>0.90). The results indicate that the GLHC scale may provide valid and reliable information to assess the God Locus of Health Control in Mexicans with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The situation and enlightenment of management and research on chronic patients'health / 中国基层医药

Objective At present,health care for chronic diseases is the highlight of medical extended serv-ice.The article has systematically demonstrated the development and management modes of health care for chronic diseases both at home and abroad,and also raised various problems in the current management model.It is necessary to find the correct objects and standards,and build an inter-connected and all-round mechanism based on informa-tion and a powerful grass-root medical group backed up by the government and law.We call for the classified imple-mentation by joint efforts of all departments to provide valid theories for health care for chronic diseases.

Inquérito epidemiológico em saúde bucal e fatores psicossociais em idosos ­ um estudo piloto / Epidemiological survey on oral health and psychosocial factors in the elderly ­ a pilot study

Objetivos: Realizar um levantamento epidemiológico da saúde bucal e fatores psicossociais associados abrangendo indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com a população-alvo constituída de idosos. Foi selecionada uma amostra representativa do município de Diamantina, estado de Minas Gerais, composta por pessoas com mais de 60 anos, cadastradas nos postos da Estratégia Saúde da Família da zona rural e urbana do município. Os dados foram coletados em domicílio, por meio de exames bucais realizados por um único examinador, treinado e calibrado, e de questionários. Foi investigado o índice CPOD (média de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados em um grupo de indivíduos), assim como dados sociodemográficos. Também foram obtidos dados sobre qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal, locus de controle de saúde, consumo de álcool e drogas na senescência. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise descritiva e ao teste de correlação de Spearman. O nível de significância adotado foi de ≤5%. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 37 idosos com idade média de 73,41±7,25 anos. O índice CPOD encontrado foi de 25,38±5,18. Houve correlação estatisticamente significante entre maior pontuação no domínio limitação funcional e maior idade, maior locus externo e maior locus ao acaso, aumento na limitação funcional e diminuição da renda, maior pontuação no domínio limitação funcional e maior locus interno, maior índice CPOD e menor pontuação no domínio incapacidade social. Conclusões: Pelo presente estudo concluiu-se que a qualidade de vida, locus de controle de saúde e índice CPOD são fatores diretamente correlacionados em idosos. Enfatiza-se a importância da atuação de profissionais de saúde e, mais especificamente, de saúde bucal, na promoção de um envelhecimento saudável.

Aims: To conduct an epidemiological survey on oral health and psychosocial factors in individuals aged 60 years or older. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with elderly individuals as the target population. A representative sample of Diamantina, a town in Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil, was used. The sample consisted of individuals aged over 60 years registered at Family Health Strategy units in the rural and urban areas of Diamantina. Data were collected at home by means of oral examinations performed by a single trained and calibrated examiner, and through questionnaires. The decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index and sociodemographic data were investigated. Data on oral health-related quality of life, health locus of control, and use of alcohol and drugs in old age were also obtained. Results: Thirty-seven elderly individuals with a mean age of 73.41±7.25 years were interviewed. The average DMFT index was equal to 25.38±5.18. There was a statistically significant correlation between functional limitations and age, external locus and random locus, functional limitation and income, functional limitation and internal locus, and DMFT index and social disability. Conclusions: It can be concluded that quality of life, health locus of control, and DMFT index are correlated factors in the elderly. Health professionals should act in seeking to promote healthy aging.

Caracterização do trânsito bovino no estado do Paraná e Santa Catarina, Brasil, 2008 / Characterization of cattle transit in the state of Paraná and Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2008

A intensificação de regras do comércio internacional e de países importadores da carne bovina brasileira exige que o país apresente maior rigor no controle sanitário dos seus produtos. Este trabalho visa auxiliar as instituições de pesquisa e a cadeia do mercado de carne, por meio de uma metodologia baseada em ferramentas de geoprocessamento que caracterizou o trânsito de bovinos nos estados do Paraná e de Santa Catarina, no período de 2008. No estado do Paraná, houve uma regionalização do fluxo bovino entre as microrregiões de origem e os polos de abate, ambos concentrados a norte e noroeste. Santa Catarina concentrou seus polos de abate a leste e sul, mas estes receberam animais oriundos de diferentes regiões do estado. A metodologia empregada neste trabalho pretende contribuir como ferramenta exploratória para implementação de ações estratégicas em sistemas de vigilância sanitária.

The international trade rules and the requirements of Brazil's commercial partners in the beef market makes animal defense organisms provide greater accuracy in controlling health products. This work aims to inform research and market chain meat institutions through GIS, which aims to characterize the movement of cattle in the States of Parana and Santa Catarina in 2008. In the State of Paraná showed some regionalization of flow between the bovine regions and origin of the slaughter pole, both focused on the north and northwest. Santa Catarina has focused its slaughter poles east and southbound, but the animals originate from different regions of the State. The methodology of this study intends to contribute as an exploratory tool for the implementation of strategic actions in surveillance systems.

Sistema automatizado para la gestión del programa de control sanitario internacional de Cuba / Automated system for management of the international health control program in Cuba

El programa de Control Sanitario Internacional propuesto en Cuba permite el control y seguimiento de la importación de productos, enfermedades endémicas de otros países y las transmisibles por vectores. Todo esto es realizado en formato duro, de forma manual, por teléfono, correo y Excel. Existen algunos sistemas desarrollados que no presentan todas las funcionalidades necesarias para el manejo de la información requerida. En la Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas (UCI), se desarrolló el sistema Control Sanitario Internacional (CSI) y su objetivo fundamental es automatizar todos los procesos relacionados a la vigilancia, seguimiento de la higiene de los productos, control de foco y la detección de enfermedades. Para la implementación se utilizó Apache, base de datos MySQL 5, PHP 5 y el framework CodeIgniter v1.6. Con la implantación del sistema se espera centralizar la gestión de la información, otorgando rapidez, calidad y seguridad en la información(AU)

The International Health Control Program proposed in Cuba allows the control and monitoring of the import of products, endemic and vector borne diseases from other countries. All this is done in hard format, manually, by phone, mail and Excel. There are some systems that doesn't have developed all the necessary features for managing the information required. At the University of Informatics Sciences (UCI), we developed the system International Health Control (CSI). Its main objective is to automate all the processes related to surveillance, monitoring of hygiene, control of focus and the disease detection. For the implementation we used Apache, MySQL 5 database, PHP 5 and CodeIgniter 1.6 framework. With the implementation of the system is expected to centralize information management, providing speed, quality and information security(AU)

Perfeccionamiento del Programa de Control Sanitario Internacional en la provincia Holguín / Improvement of the International Health Program in Holguín province

La Directiva No. 1 del Presidente del Consejo de Defensa Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres 2010, considera que existe una deficiente organización y cumplimiento de las medidas del Programa de Control Sanitario Internacional. El propósito es identificar las debilidades presentes en el Programa en la provincia Holguín y elaborar un plan de acción para elevar su efectividad. Se hizo revisión documental, aplicación de encuesta estructurada a 102 trabajadores vinculados con la ejecución del Programa, discusiones grupales, entrevistas y consulta a expertos. En todo los puertos se detectó la ausencia de incineradores para el tratamiento final de los desechos sólidos, en los centros provinciales, municipales y unidades de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología, había poco dominio del porcentaje de muestras a enviar al laboratorio de referencia para el control y vigilancia del dengue y el paludismo y no dominaban los índices de vectores permisibles; en la atención primaria de salud, se encontró pobre capacitación sobre el Programa. Se elaboró el plan de acción. La implementación del plan de acción contribuye a la reducción de riesgos de epidemias y a la eliminación de las debilidades que limitan la actual efectividad del Programa de Control Sanitario Internacional en la provincia Holguín.

The Guideline No. 1 of the President of the National Council of Defense for Reduction of Disasters in 2010 states that the organization and the fulfilment of the measures included in the International Health Control program are unsatisfactory. The objective of this study is to identify the weaknesses of this program in Holguín province and to draw up an action plan to increase effectiveness. Methods Documentary review, structured survey administered to 102 people working in the program implementation, group discussions, interviews and expert advice were the methos used. It was detected that all the ports lacked burners for the final disposal of solid wastes; provincial, municipal and local Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology centers showed poor knowledge about the percentage of samples to be sent to the reference laboratory for the control and surveillance of dengue and malaria, and about the allowable vector indexes; additionally, the primary health care staff was not duly trained in this program. The action plan was therefore prepared. The implementation of the action program contributes to reducing epidemic risks and eliminating the weaknesses that restrict the effectiveness of the International Health Control at present in Holguín province.

Evaluación del Programa de Control Sanitario Internacional en el Policlínico "Nguyen Van Troi" de Centro Habana, La Habana, 2007 / Evaluation of the International Health Control in the "Nguyen Van Troi" polyclinic of Centro Habana municipality, La Habana, 2007

INTRODUCCIÓN: En 1962 se estructuró un Programa de Control Sanitario Internacional para puertos y aeropuertos, y en 1980 se puso en vigor el primer Programa Nacional de Control Sanitario Internacional que preveía acciones de control a realizar por una parte de la red de servicios de salud y que sirvió de base para ser modificado en 1985, cuando se extendió la vigilancia a toda la red de atención médica primaria y secundaria del país, con la incorporación de los primeros médicos de familia al programa. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el programa de Control Sanitario Internacional en el Policlínico "Nguyen Van Troi" durante el segundo semestre del año 2007, en cuanto a estructura, proceso y resultados. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio evaluativo de tipo descriptivo. El universo estuvo constituido por el personal que participó en el Programa de Control Sanitario Internacional. Se tomó una muestra por conveniencia del 50 por ciento de los consultorios tipo 1, donde se revisó el 10 por ciento de las historias clínicas de los viajeros. RESULTADOS: En la evaluación de la estructura, el 52,9 por ciento encontró aceptable el funcionamiento del programa. La evaluación del proceso es de no aceptable porque no son satisfactorios los criterios esenciales, ni tampoco el 50 por ciento restante. Los criterios de resultados fueron satisfactorios porque durante el año no se reportaron casos de dengue ni de paludismo introducidos. CONCLUSIONES: La dimensión estructura resulta insuficiente y el proceso no aceptable, por lo que podemos plantear que el Programa de Control Sanitario Internacional en el área evaluada durante el 2008 resultó No satisfactorio.

INTRODUCTION: In 1962 The International Health Control Program was structured for ports and airports and in 1980 took effect the first National Health Control Program to plan actions of control to be carried out by a part of the health services network and was the base for its modification in 1985 when this type of surveillance was widen to all the primary and secondary medical care network of our country, with the incorporation of the first family physician into program. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the International Health Control Program in "Nguyen Van Troi" clinic area during the second semester of 2007 related to structure, process and results. RESULTS: An evaluative and descriptive study was conducted. Universe included the staff involved in the International Health Control Program. By convenience a sample of 50 percent of type 1 consulting room was taken, where the 10 percent of medical records of travellers was reviewed. In the evaluation of structure, the 52,9 percent considered as acceptable the program' functioning. The evaluation of process is not acceptable due the non satisfactory of the essential criteria, neither the remainder 50 percent. The criteria of results were satisfactory due to throughout the year there were not reports of introduced cases of dengue or malaria. CONCLUSIONS: The structure's dimension was insufficient and the process was not stable, thus, it impossible to propose that the International Health Control Program in the evaluated area during 2008 be non-satisfactory.

Consideraciones sobre el control sanitario de los fangos medicinales o peloides / Reflections about the health control of medicinal muds or peloids

Se hacen consideraciones acerca de la importancia del uso racional y el manejo correcto de los peloides de acuerdo con las normas sanitarias vigentes. Se presentan algunos resultados de investigaciones realizadas, así como proyecciones de trabajo en esta temática. Se enfatiza en la necesidad de garantizar un control sanitario que asegure la aplicación de peloides que sean inocuos, tanto en la práctica médica como en la cosmetología.

The importance of the rational use and correct handling of peloids according to present health standards was considered in this paper. Some results of research works as well as work projections in this field were also presented. Emphasis was made on the need of assuring health control in the application of harmless peloids both in medical practice and cosmetology.